Which federal law prohibits employment discrimination based on race, color, religion, sex, or national origin?

The federal law that prohibits employment discrimination based on race, color, religion, sex, or national origin is Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964. This landmark legislation represents a significant advancement in civil rights, making it illegal for employers to discriminate against employees or potential employees in hiring, firing, promotion, or any other employment-related decisions based on these protected characteristics.

Title VII applies to a wide range of employers, including private employers with 15 or more employees, educational institutions, and federal, state, and local governments. It also established the Equal Employment Opportunity Commission (EEOC), which enforces the law and provides guidance on compliance. This law plays a crucial role in promoting workplace equality and has been the foundation for many important legal precedents regarding discrimination in employment.

In contrast, the other options refer to different aspects of employment law. The Equal Pay Act specifically addresses wage discrimination based on gender and does not cover broader discrimination issues. The Family and Medical Leave Act deals with the rights of employees to take leave for medical reasons, while the Age Discrimination in Employment Act specifically focuses on preventing discrimination against employees over the age of 40. Each of these laws serves important functions, but none encompasses the wide range of discrimination addressed by Title VII