What does the term 'national origin' refer to?

The term 'national origin' specifically refers to an individual's country of birth, or the country from which their ancestors came. It is a crucial concept in employment law, particularly within the framework of anti-discrimination laws, such as Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964, which prohibits employment discrimination based on national origin. This means an employer cannot discriminate against someone because they are from a specific country or because of their ethnic background linked to that country.

Understanding 'national origin' in this way highlights its emphasis on the geographical and ancestral aspects rather than factors like legal status, cultural identity, or current residence. For instance, an employee's rights and protections in the workplace focus on their identity related to their country of origin, and not just where they live or their citizenship status. This distinction is vital for ensuring fair treatment and protecting individuals from bias based on their heritage.